Dielectric material



M 7, was. MEISSNER 2,046,476

DIELECTRIC MATERIAL Original Filed Nov. 8, 1929 INVENTOR ALEXANDER ME\SSNER BY Patented July 7, 1936- c STATES UNI PATENT OFFICE Renewed September November 13, 1928 3 Claims.

This invention relates to insulating materials for electrical apparatus and it has for its purpose to provide a solid body of insulation material which has a high puncture or breakdown 5 strength.

The present invention is based upon a proper interpretation and understanding of the following facts. The molecules or molecular complexes of dielectric materials evidence a. polar characteristic. This characteristic manifests itself outwardly whenever the substance in question is in a state admitting of motion or shifting of the constituent particles with relation to one another, in other words, in a molten, plastic or liquid condition and while in this condition subjecting the dielectric material to a directive force occasioned while under this condition by an electric field and allowing the dielectric material to solidify out of the molten state. The polar axes of the dielectric particles subjected to this treatment assume predominantly the direction of the external electric field acting upon them with the result that upon solidifying the dielectric particles preserve that direction. The straightening out or rectification or "uni-directionalization of dielectric particles can be perceived from the fact that the solidified mass has acquired a piezoelectric field.

In the drawing, Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically a quartz crystal cut at right angles to an electrical axis; and,

Fig. 2 represents diagrammatically a dielectric material in formed state.

In order to appreciate the phenomena discussed above, it is best to examine an insulation material whose molecular structure .is known. Such a material which at the same time constitutes one of the most excellent insulators and which also exhibits piezo-electric forces and angles to an electrical axis. The carrier of the piezo-electric properties of such a crystal are not it seems the molecules of the quartz themselves, but rather a molecular complex or the unit cell. From an examination of such a unit cell it may be concluded that a good insulator would be a body in which, viewed in the projection, positive and negative ions (atoms) would alternate or lie adjacent to one another. Such a solid body 50 would also possess piezo-electric properties, in

other words, would exhibit a. polar character when on the top face thereof a positive or a negatively charged atom would be opposite an atom with an opposite charge on the under side. Further- 55 more, in the direction at right angles to the properties is a quartz crystal (Fig. 1) cut at right 18, 1933. In Germany electrodes no cavities should be present inside the body through which ions might migrate.

From these desiderata there first follow quite.

general requirements as regards the atomic number of the insulating piezo-electric molecule. Since into the above-mentioned unit cell between the individual atoms, any desired number of pairs of atoms may be inserted or introduced without altering the characteristics of the body as an insulator in the sense above pointed out, the atomic number should be equal to .(3+2n)2 where n is any integer (whole number). The number of polar axes is then equal to one-half the atom number, the projection only upon one plane being observed'for the sake of simplicity.

If I have a solid body of substance of the above described atomic composition in a state which admits of a movement of the molecules or molecule complexes in relation to one another when heated to a molten state, then the polar axes can be easily placed parallel to one another, by the aid of an electrical field or by the agency of strong thermal efiects. If, then, the mass or solid body has solidified during the action of the field, the piezo-electric nature imparted to it is preserved, in other words, if a solid body plate or lamina. thus produced is subjected to pressure, then influence charges arise upon the electrode, or else when a potential is applied to the body or plate, then piezo-electric moments or forces are set up in the molecules. But if, on the other hand, ions enter into the mass from the electrodes whose potential has energized or set up the piece-electric forces, these ions will be retained by the plead-electric moments having an outward direction and are thus prevented from further migration. In this manner, upon applying a potential to the insulation material, the arising of a cloud of ions is precluded by the exciting piezo-electric moment of the molecules, and this constitutes the basic reason for the avoidance of puncture or breakdown. It is seen, therefore, that what is obtainedis a. solid dielectric body of very high puncture strength. The dielectric in formed solid state presents a. view as approximately shown in Fig. 2, in which A5 are the electrodes subjected to a potential between which the formed molecules are located In Figure 2, there is shown for purposes of illustration the molecular arrangement of a dielectric material being subjected to the treatment outlined above. For purposes of illustration only four molecular complexes have been shown.

It is, of course, not necessary that the dielec- 2 tric should be a uniform or homogeneous body. Hence, it is to be understood that the treatment which I have outlined above; maybe applied to insulators made. up of difierent constituents as, for instance, parafiin mixed with pulverized quartz, natural or artiflcial'reslns with loading or filler materials, mixtures of asphalts and oil,-

resins and a filler the particles of said artificial resins being unl-dlrectionalized while in a molten state by the action of a uni-directionalized electric field, said particlesbeing chilled while re-' mainlng under the action of said electric field.

Patent No 2,61 6 176.

Office.

a. high puncture strength, composed of solidifiable artificial resins and a filler material the particles ALEXANDER MEISSNER.

It ishereby certified that the above numbered patent was" erroneously issued-to the I inventor, said ",AIEXAN'DER MEISSNER", whereas said patent should have been issued to Teleiunken Gesellschaft' far Brant-lose were: "graphic m.rb.' iil', :of'Berli nj Germany,e corporation of cermany, as assignee of the entire interest, as shownby the record of, assignments in this of-' fice; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the samemay conform to the record of the case in the Patent 2. A solid body of dielectric materials having resins and a. filler material the particles of said artificial resins being ,unl-directionalized while in a plastic state by the action of a uni-dimetionalized electric field, said particles being chilled while'remalning under the action of said electric field.

3. A solid body of dielectric materials having being uni-directionalized While in a plastic state by theaction' of a uni-directionalized electric field, said particles being chilled while remaining under the action of said electric field.

' 'ALEXANDER'MEISSNER. I I

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

-July7, 1936= :Signed and sealed this 2mm day of January, A. D. 1959.

Henry Van Arsdale Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

